A crew loading food into the bomb bay of an RAF Lancaster during Operation Manna. Not until after Roosevelts sudden death three weeks later were his wishes for a mission of mercy to the Netherlands relayed to Allied Supreme Commander Dwight D. Eisenhower by U. S. Coffee Flour' title='Coffee Flour' />Nuts. This versatile baking ingredient helps create jobs and protect the environment. Army Chief of Staff George C. Marshall. On April 2. Royal Air Force Lancaster heavy bombers manned by British, Australian and Canadian crewmembers departed England on the first flights of Operation Manna, codenamed for the bread that rained down from heaven onto the Israelites in the Book of Exodus. Two days later on May 1, just hours after German Chancellor Adolf Hitler committed suicide, the first American B 1. Flying Fortress bombers took to the skies in their counterpart relief mission, codenamed Operation Chowhound. Although the planes were embarking on humanitarian operations, Stephen Dando Collins, author of the new book Operation Chowhound, calls the U. S. bomber mission the most risky of World War II. The Chowhound and Manna crews were flying into the unknown, he says. At least on normal missions most risks were known. To begin with, aircrews were told that the Germans had agreed not to fire on aircraft flying these missions, but the agreement not to fire was not signed by the Germans until four days into the MannaChowhound missions. In fact, Eisenhower gave instructions to launch the first flights before there was even a verbal agreement from the Germans in Holland. Next, the bombers were to fly at 3. They were sitting ducks at such low levels. If the Germans had opened fire with all their guns, chances of survival for aircrew were minimal there was neither the time nor the height to successfully bail out. Arthur Seyss Inquart, the senior Nazi Party official governing the Netherlands, gave orders to German troops not to fire on Allied airplanes flying in specified corridors, and, like so many other Nazi orders during World War II, they were followed down the chain of command. They could see the writing on the wall, Dando Collins says, and knew it was only a matter of time before they were prisoners of the Allies, so they tried to feather their future beds a little by cooperating. Eisenhower was taking an enormous chance in trusting the enemy, Dando Collins says, because if they broke their word, B 1. Lancasters would have been knocked out of the sky wholesale, and we would be talking today about the most disastrous Allied air mission of World War II, a disaster which would have seen Eisenhower stripped of his command. For 1. Allied bombers flew across the North Sea and buzzed over Hollands flooded lowlands and tulip fields ablaze in springtime colors. Weaving between church steeples and windmills, pilots used to flying at 2. Nazi soldiers following their flight paths with their anti aircraft guns. As their engines roared overhead, men, women and children waved handkerchiefs and Dutch flags as the planes deployed their payloadsbags and boxes filled with chocolate bars, margarine, coffee, milk powder, salt, cheese and flouron airfields and racetracks across the Netherlands. As foodand salvationfell from the skies, crews saw for themselves the gratitude of the Dutch people in messages such as the field of manicured tulips arranged by one grateful farmer to spell out, Thank You Yanks. At the height of the relief effort, more than 9. Although a handful of American aircraft were hit by sporadic German ground fire, none were shot down. Personally, Im astonished that so few did open fire, Dando Collins says. One B 1. 7, however, was lost during Operation Chowhound after a mechanical failure forced it to crash into the North Sea, resulting in the deaths of 1. Operations Chowhound and Manna came to an end with the arrival of the Allied victory in Europe on May 8, 1. Over 1. 0 days, British Lancaster and Mosquito bombers flew more than 3,0. American bombers flew more than 2,2. In total, Allied aircraft transported more than 1. Berlin Airlift in 1. For Seyss Inquart, his acquiescence to the flights was not enough to save him. After the war, he was tried and convicted as a war criminal at Nuremberg and subsequently executed. Coffee. FlourIs Coffee Flour made from the coffee bean No, it is made from coffee fruit, that which surrounds the bean. Is Coffee Flour gluten free Yes, Coffee Flour is made from the coffee fruit so it is 1. Is Coffee Flour organic At this time we are not certified organic, but we are working on it. Does Coffee Flour have caffeineTheres only a small amount of caffeine in our product. Its about equal to the amount of caffeine in dark chocolate 1. Is there a decaf version Yes, we are working on one. When will Coffee Flour be available Coffee. Flour is an ingredient within other products. Weve been fortunate enough to have amazing partners whove created excellent products with our ingredient. Visit our product and store locator to find out more What does Coffee Flour work best in as an ingredientCoffee Flour is an incredibly versatile ingredient. It works great in chocolate, breads, cookies, muffins, sauces, pastas and beverages just to name a few. What is Coffee Flour like to bakecook with Our ultra fine grind of coffee flour behaves most like a cocoa powder will. Both grinds increase the fiber levels of whatever dish theyre added to, so one must compensate for this by adding moisturewater. The flavor of coffee flour is uniquely compatible with cocoa powder. What does it taste like Surprisingly, Coffee Flour doesnt taste like coffee. Depending on the varietal it generally expresses more floral, citrus or roasted fruit type notes. What is the carb count Coffee Flour has about 7g of carbs per a 1. Coffee Flour also is very high in fiber, so there is 1g of net carbs per a 1. What are the nutritional properties of Coffee Flour Coffee Flour is high in fiber and is a good source of potassium. Depending on the serving size, it can also boost a products iron, protein, and antioxidant count. Lastly, it is sodium and fat free.